High-resolution seismic reflection profiling across the Sone Hills fault zone, central Japan

The Sone fault is a south dipping active reverse fault, trending WNW-ESE and bounding the southern end of the Kofu basin. This fault is located between the Kofu basin and Sone hills, and has displaced several river terraces. To reveal the subsurface geometry of the Sone fault, highresolution shallow seismic profiling was performed along the 2.8-km-long Makado and 0.8-km-long Ubaguchi seismic lines. On the Unagushi section, a south dipping fault surface is clearly recognized by the discontinuity between horizontal reflectors in the north and the domain showing a chaotic pattern of reflections. On the Makado section, the south dipping Sone fault is identified between the horizontal reflectors at the basin-side and dipping reflectors at the hill-side. On both seismic lines, the fault surface dips 30 degrees southward. The trace of The Sone fault is located along the present riverbed of R. Fuefuki, some hundred meters basin-ward shift from the trace estimated from tectonic geomorphology

Interferon regulatory factor-4 activates IL-2 and IL-4 promoters in cooperation with c-Rel.

Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-4 is a member of the IRF transcription factor family, whose expression is primarily restricted to lymphoid and myeloid cells. In T-cells, IRF-4 expression is induced by T-cell receptor (TCR) cross-linking or treatment with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)/Ionomycin, and IRF-4 is thought to be a critical factor for various functions of T-cells. To elucidate the IRF-4 functions in human adult T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected T-cells, which constitutively express IRF-4, we isolated IRF-4-binding proteins from T-cells, using a tandem affinity purification (TAP)-mass spectrometry strategy. Fourteen proteins were identified in the IRF-4-binding complex, including endogenous IRF-4 and the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) family member, c-Rel. The specific association of IRF-4 with c-Rel was confirmed by immunoprecipitation experiments, and IRF-4 was shown to enhance the c-Rel-dependent binding and activation of the interleukin-4 (IL-4) promoter region. We also demonstrated that IL-2 production was also enhanced by exogenously-expressed IRF-4 and c-Rel in the presence of P/I, in T-cells, and that the optimal IL-2 and IL-4 productions in vivo was IRF-4-dependent using IRF-4-/- mice. These data provide molecular evidence to support the clinical observation that elevated expression of c-Rel and IRF-4 is associated with the prognosis in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) patients, and present possible targets for future gene therapy

High-resolution seismic reflection profiling across the surface rupture associated with the 2004 Mid-Niigata Prefecture earthquake, central Japan : data acquisition and processing

The 200.4 Mid-Niigata Prefecture earthquake (Mj 6.8) generated surface ruptures along the eastern rim of the Uonuma hills. To reveal the relationship between a seismogenic source fault and surface ruptures, shallow, high-resolution seismic reflection profiling was undertaken across the surface ruptures and the active faults. The seismic source was a mini-vibrator and seismic data were recorded by a digital telemetry system. The source and receiver interval was 10 m4 The seismic data were processed using conventional CMP seismic reflection methods. The resultant depth-converted seismic section portrays an emergent thrust beneath the surface rupture associated with the Mid-Niigata Prefecture earthquake

High-resolution seismic reflection profiling across the Shiraiwa fault, eastern margin of the Yokote basin fault zone, northeast Japan : data acquisition and processing

The eastern margin of the Yokote basin fault zone extends about 56km at the western foot of the Ou Backbone Range, northeast Japan. The Rikuu earthquake (M=7.2) occurred in the Ou Backbone Range (Mahiru Range) on 31st August, 1896. Associated with this earthquake, four thrust faults-Obonai, Shiraiwa, Ota, and Senya fault3 appeared on the surface of the western foot of the Mahiru Range. These faults were highly sinuous with numerous gaps and en echelon steps. We conducted a high-resolution seismic reflection profiling survey across the Shiraiwa fault. The obtained seismic reflection data were processed by conventional common mid-point methods, post-stack migration, and depth conversion. The subsurface structure across the Shraiwa fault is characterized by branched low-angle reverse faults and conjugate back-thrust. The emergent thrust associated with the 1896 earthquake is regarded to be a subsidiary reverse fault

High-resolution seismic reflection profiling across the Senya fault at Hanaoka, northern Honshu, Japan: Data acquisition and processing

The Senya fault, northern Honshu, Japan, which generated the Rikuu earthquake (Mj 7.2) 1896, is a typical intra-arc active thrust. Subsurface geometry provides essential information for better understanding strong ground motions and crustal deformation processes. A high-resolution seismic reflection survey was conducted along the 63km long seismic line across the toe of the thrust to reveal the subsurface geometry. The seismic source was a Mini-vibrator truck and the receiver interval was 10 m. The seismic data were processed by the standard common mid-point method. The Senya fault is clearly identified as a boundary between horizontal reflectors of the basin fill in the Yokote basin and moderately dipping reflectors beneath the Senya hills. The thrust occurred in late Miocene mudstone, and shows a flat and ramp geometry. The emergent thrust dips 30 degrees down to 500m, and changes its dip to subhorizontal following the distribution of the mudstone

Horizontal strain rates of the japanese islands estimated from quaternary fault data

Average rates of horizontal strain during the Quaternary in the Japanese Islands are calculated from active fault data. Although the directions of the maximum compressive strains are in harmony with those obtained from seismological and triangulation data, the magnitude of the strain rates of shortening (mainly 10^＜-9＞～10^＜-8＞/yr) is much smaller than that obtained from triangulation data (mainly 1～2×10^＜-7＞/yr). An important factor in causing this difference may be non-elastic shortening of the crust under compressional stresses

Active faults and quaternary geo-history of the altiplano on the foot of the cordillera real, bolivia

Active normal fault system and Quaternary geologic-history of the Bolivian Altiplano are represented in six figures. On the basis of total amount of fault displacements and the average fault slip rate shown in these figures, it is evident that the faulting had begun already ca. 13 Ma. Another significant issues such as distribution of fault trace and fault features are also illustrated in these figures